Teff Company co-founder Wayne Carlson shows the tiny grains of teff before cleaning. There are 2,500 to 3,000 grains per gram. (Credit: Tom Banse)
Many cultures around the world have a grain that is notgrown or even known outside its home area.
Quinoa is from South America. Amaranth fed theAztecs in Central America.
Now, an ancient grain from Ethiopia, teff, is appearingon grocery shelves in America. Teff has been animportant part of the Ethiopian diet for thousands of years. Like oat, rice andwheat, it is a cereal grass. Teff is known for its small grain. It is used mainly tomake flour.
Teff has a mild, nutty or earthy taste. Teff flour is the key ingredient for thewell-known, spongy flatbread found in Ethiopian restaurants.
Wayne Carlson learned about teff while doing public health work in Africa in the mid-1970s.
“I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by tefffarmers."
In the late 70s, Carlson returned to the U.S., married and settled in southwestIdaho. Then he came up with an idea to introduce teff grass to North Americain his home state.
"Geologically, it is very similar to Ethiopia. Ethiopia is placed on the EastAfrican Rift Valley, which is very much like the Snake River Plain."
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be. So theyconvinced actual farmers in Idaho, Oregon and Nevada to grow teff oncontract for them. The Carlsons milled it themselves.
Wayne Carlson learned about teff while doing public health work in Africa in the mid-1970s.
“I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by tefffarmers."
In the late 70s, Carlson returned to the U.S., married and settled in southwestIdaho. Then he came up with an idea to introduce teff grass to North Americain his home state.
"Geologically, it is very similar to Ethiopia. Ethiopia is placed on the EastAfrican Rift Valley, which is very much like the Snake River Plain."
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be. So theyconvinced actual farmers in Idaho, Oregon and Nevada to grow teff oncontract for them. The Carlsons milled it themselves.
Until last year though, there was not a single Ethiopian restaurant or bakery in the entire state of Idaho to sell the milled flour to.
"The way we started was Wayne went through the Washington, D.C.,telephone book and looked for the names that were Ethiopian."
And that is how the business slowly grew for several decades, serving theEthiopian and Eritrean immigrant community in the U.S.
"The way we started was Wayne went through the Washington, D.C.,telephone book and looked for the names that were Ethiopian."
And that is how the business slowly grew for several decades, serving theEthiopian and Eritrean immigrant community in the U.S.
Over time, the Teff Company has outgrown four different mills. The first was a little stone grinder in the Carlsons' basement. Now, they occupy aremodeled brewery complex in Nampa, Idaho.
The Carlsons say the teff flour coming off the mill could end up in an upscalenatural foods store or commercial bakery.
The Carlsons say the teff flour coming off the mill could end up in an upscalenatural foods store or commercial bakery.
A teff explosion
Sales of alternatives to modern wheat are growing quickly each year, says anindustry trade group.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University.
He says teff production has exploded over the past decade in the U.S. Thegrain has gone from 1,200 hectares in 2003 to more than 40,000 nationally by 2010. He says most teff grown in the U.S. is fed to farm animals.
"It's a good livestock forage in general, but it does seem like horses have apreference for it in some informal taste tests where we compared teff withother common grasses."
In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food. Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, proteinand fiber. Roseberg credits Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
"He recognized the value of teff -- at least for teff grain -- long before any of the rest of us did."
The University of Nevada, Reno is leading a project to breed "improved"varieties of teff. The aim is to make teff more productive and able to survivedrought. Nevada scientists are trying to prepare for severe growing conditionsdue to global warming.
One advertisement for the Teff Company says, "Move over quinoa, there's anew grain in town." The new grain is really an ancient one, but Wayne Carlsondoes not like the term "ancient grains" to describe teff.
"It's a good livestock forage in general, but it does seem like horses have apreference for it in some informal taste tests where we compared teff withother common grasses."
In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food. Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, proteinand fiber. Roseberg credits Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
"He recognized the value of teff -- at least for teff grain -- long before any of the rest of us did."
The University of Nevada, Reno is leading a project to breed "improved"varieties of teff. The aim is to make teff more productive and able to survivedrought. Nevada scientists are trying to prepare for severe growing conditionsdue to global warming.
One advertisement for the Teff Company says, "Move over quinoa, there's anew grain in town." The new grain is really an ancient one, but Wayne Carlsondoes not like the term "ancient grains" to describe teff.
"Teff was never really a relic. It was never bypassed by history. Teff hasalways been the mainstay crop for millions and millions of people. It's just thatthey were geographically isolated in northeast Africa. So all we've done issaid to the rest of the world, 'Hey look, there's this really good stuff there. Whydon't you incorporate it in your diet?'"
And the rest of the world is doing just that.
And the rest of the world is doing just that.
I’m Marsha James.
Do you or someone you know use teff when preparing meals or baking? Letus know in the comments section.
Tom Banse reported on this story from Nampa, Idaho. Marsha Jamesadapted his report for Learning English. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor.
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