The facts of the Nile River...‼️
There are 263 transboundary rivers in our country. The Nile River, which we call the Nile River, is the first to travel a long distance and cross many countries. It travels 665 kilometers and crosses 11 countries. Although the Nile River is not the longest river in the world, it is the Danube River in Europe, which crosses 1 countries before South Sudan became a country. it was.
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| Ethiopia Today: The facts of the Nile River! |
The Nile is formed by the confluence of 3 rivers, the White Nile, which originates in the mountainous mountains of Burundi, the Black Nile, which originates in Ethiopia, and the Keze River, which crosses the Ethiopian border and reaches Sudan, which is called the Atbara.
After these three rivers meet at Khartoum, they become the Nile. Crossing the deserts of Sudan and Egypt, the long journey of the Nile plunges into northern Egypt and ends at the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
Studies indicate that the Nile River has 94bmc of water resources, 86% of which is 76bmc of water resources is from Ethiopia, of which the Nile River alone covers 53%, and the secret of the greatness of the Nile begins from here.
The mountain range of Choke, located in the Sekala Misene area of the Amhara region, is not as high as the Rasdashen and Bale mountains, but the small Choke is the source of the great Nile River. From here, it is called Galgel Abai and enters Lake Tana. As it leaves Tana, it is joined by other rivers such as the Megka, Gumera and Rab rivers.
The area where the Nile flows into the Nile is now where the Renaissance Dam is being constructed. The largest tributary to the Nile is the Didesa River, covering 18 percent, followed by the Dagus and the Beles River. These three rivers meet the Nile upstream of the dam. Altogether there are 16 sub-basins that drain the Nile. The Nile travels 145 km from its source to the White Nile in Khartoum and covers 82 km in Ethiopia.
The Nile River is of strategic importance to our country. It covers 50% of the surface water flow of the 12 basins in our country, and it covers up to 40% of our energy resources. About 25% of Ethiopia's population lives in the Nile Basin, covering 2% of our country's land surface.
Although Ethiopia is the creator of the Nile River, it has not had the opportunity to develop it, but it has been called by the Nile for centuries. There are two main reasons.
The first is the external influence and the second is the internal capacity limitation. The agreements made by the countries that used to govern the Nile basin countries under the right-hand rule so that only Egypt would benefit from the water resources, as well as the fact that the Egyptian governments prevented Ethiopia from receiving financial support and aid to develop the Nile River after the colonial rule, are mentioned as external influences.
From 189A - 195A, the rulers of the Nile basin countries, mainly England, France and Italy, made more than 6 agreements on the management of Nile water.
But all the agreements have one thing in common, they excluded Ethiopia and other countries of the headwater basin and mainly made Egypt the beneficiary of Sudan, but most importantly, in 1929 and 1959, Egypt and Sudan made a mutual agreement in which they were the sole beneficiaries of the Nile water.
In 1929, the Fascist Italian government in Ethiopia signed an agreement with the British right-wing rulers not to carry out any development on the Nile River. In 1959, two countries that have no contribution to the Nile water made an agreement to reduce the amount of water wasted by evaporation and Egypt to use 55.5BM3 and Sudan to use 18.5BM3 of water.
The second reason for not developing the Nile water until now is that we lack the ability to carry out development on the river with our own resources. To avoid this, the Ethiopian government has followed two directions: first is to strengthen internal capacity through financial and human resource development, and the second is to create local and international favorable conditions.
Ethiopia's demand for development in the Nile and its basins has been brilliantly addressed by the construction of the Tana Beles multi-sector power plant with a capacity of 46MW and the irrigation development project on the Koga River.
The second direction followed by the Ethiopian government is to create favorable conditions for the environment and the world. Efforts have been made for less than 10 years to create an agreement that allows all the countries of the Nile basin to be the only beneficiaries of water and exclude the others.
A transition program called "Nile' Basin Initiative" was established in 1999, the main goal of which was to create cooperation between the basin countries and to develop joint projects at the sub-basin level, for example, East Nile, where Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have Eritrea as an observer. It was intended that research should be done to work together, but nothing significant was done.
Extensive diplomatic work was done by drafting the Nile comprehensive agreement framework based on the principles of international transboundary rivers and finally allowing most of the riparian countries to accept it. Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi are among the countries that have accepted and signed the agreement framework, which is said to allow them to move forward.
The most important agreement for Ethiopia is the agreement signed between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia in 2015 known as DOP "Declaration of Principles" which is based on international law and contains ten detailed points that will benefit all three riparian countries. It is a historic and win-win agreement.
Dr. Dawd Temam from Jimma University Institute of Technology, Department of Hydraulic and Water Engineering.
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